A Guide to Ethnomethodology

A Guide to Ethnomethodology Ethnomethodology is the study of how people use social interaction to maintain an ongoing sense of reality in a situation. To gather data, ethnomethodologists rely on ​conversation analysis and a rigorous set of techniques for systematically observing and recording what happens when people interact in natural settings. It is an attempt to classify the actions people take when they are acting in groups.   Origins of Ethnomethodology Harold Garfinkel originally came up with the idea for ethnomethodology at jury duty. He wanted to explain how the people organized themselves into a jury. He was interested in how people act in particular social situations, especially ones outside of the daily norm like serving as a juror.   Examples of Ethnomethodology A conversation is a social process that requires certain things in order for participants to identify it as a conversation and keep it going. People look at each other, nod their heads in agreement, ask and respond to questions, etc. If these methods are not used correctly, the conversation breaks down and is replaced by another sort of social situation.

A Practical Guide The 5 Best Ways to Save for College

A Practical Guide The 5 Best Ways to Save for College SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips So you want to be proactive and save for college. Maybe you’re a high school student who wants to build up a college fund for yourself, or maybe you’re a parent or family member who wants to save for a young loved one.No matter your situation, you’re taking a proactive step in making college a little bit more affordable. In this post, I’ll discuss the things you need to know in orderto build, keep, and grow college savings. We'll discuss the fivebest ways to save for college to lower student debt on graduation and take a load off your mind. First, though, I'll talk about the question you should be considering before you implement your savings plan: how much should you be putting away in the first place? Read on to find out! How Much Should You Save? As you might imagine, the answer to this question will be different for everyone. I'll talk about the costs of college, how they're expected to change, and some common savings goals before moving into the nitty-gritty of savings calculations. College is already pretty expensive, with costs varying based on factors like school type, financial need, and academic merit. On average, it costs about $45,000 to attend a private US college for one year, whilethe cost of attendance at an in-state public school averages about $23,000. You can read more about estimating your own expenses with our college cost guide. Although it'scurrently pricey to get a college education, expenses are only increasing year by year. If prices increase at a rate of 5% annually, the total cost of 4 years of college in 18 years could be: $237,000 at an in-state public university $464,000 at a private college or university These sticker prices are definitely intimidating, but it's important to keep in mind that most families aren't shelling out those total amounts in cash in order to pay for school. As of a few years ago, this wasthe average percentage breakdown of how families paid for college (according to the College Board): 5% contributions from relatives and friends 9% parent borrowing, like with a private or PLUS loan % student income and savings 18% student borrowing, like with a Direct loan or Perkins loan 27% parent income and savings 30% grants and scholarships like the Pell Grant Hopefully, this breakdown helps assuage any fears you may have about the process of paying for college. Although it isn't difficult to come up with a currentnet price estimate of college expenses, it may be challenging to do this for students who will attend college in 5, 10, or 15 years. According to one survey, most parents say they hope to pay at least half of their children's college expenses; in the following examples, I'll work with these figures and savings goals to show you how much, exactly, you should stash for the future. Calculating Savings Maybe the most tedious part of saving for college: figuring out what you're comfortable putting away. Ultimately, theamount you decide to save will depend on your family income and expenses. You don’t have to have four years’ worth of expenses (tuition, room, board, fees, etc.) saved up by the time your student’s 18, especially if your family has alower income and you expect toqualify for financial aid like the Pell Grant. It’s hard to predict what sort of aid you willget thatfar in the future, but you canstart with an estimate of what your family will have to pay out of pocketgiven current costs. Once you've come to a savings goal - let's say your full expected family contribution (net price) for convenience's sake - you can figure out how much to put away every pay period. Just divide your total expected contribution for fouryears of collegeby the number of pay periods until your child leaves for school. Here's a basic savings formula for how much you should save per month, assuming your money wouldn't be earning any gains or interest: Monthly savings = Total savings goal à · (Years until college x 12) Let's see how this looks in action: If you have a newborn baby, you'll have 18 years to save for college. You have the advantage of time on your side, but you also know that college costs will rise significantly over the next couple of decades. You estimate that thecost of attendance at a private college will cost about $460,000 by the time your child goes to school, and you want to save half that amount: $230,000. If you stashed your cash in a 0% interest account, you could save $230,000 in 18 years by setting aside $1065 a month If you stashed your money in an account with an average annual rate of return of 6%, you could save $230,000 in 18 years by setting aside $500 a month $500 a month is a lot more reasonable than $1065 a month, but it still may not be withinyour budget. What happens if you save less per month, over 18 years, in that same 6% yield account? If you save $100 a month, you would have $47,000 in 18 years If you save $250 a month, you would have $166,000 in 18 years Ultimately, any amount that you choose to put away will help empower your child (or yourself) to pay for college in the future. As you can see; however, you can grow your money much more effectively if you save early, save often, and save in an account with a high rate of return. Ways to Build Funds To students and parents alike: the earlier you start building a college fund, the better. Strategies for fundingcollege will vary based on who, exactly, is trying to save for school. Whether you're a parent or a student, you can start working on a funding source. For Parents It’s never too early to start a college fund for your future student. In fact, the earlier you start, the easier it will be to save a significant amount. Perhaps thebest way to save is to set aside a small percentage of your income every pay period. You canwithhold it and put it aside in a big chunk at the end of the year. Alternatively, you canhave a set amount or percentage automatically deposited in a separate account every pay period. The amount you choose to set aside will obviously depend on your income and family expenses. For Students There are many different ways for you to start building up a college fund for yourself. The more you save now, the less you may have to worry about your tuitionbills or student loan payments later. Student Jobs You can start working in many states at 14 or 15, which potentially givesyou 3-4 years to build up some savings for college. This isn’t the right choice for everybody - you shouldn’t put a job ahead of your studies or extracurricular activities - but it can be a good way to start putting money away for the future. Assume that you'll start off working part-time and at federal minimum wage - not super appealing, I know, but that'sthe unfortunate reality of getting a job as a teen. If you work full-time for twomonths during the summer (40 hours per week at $7.25 per hour), you could earn up to $2,320 before taxes. Do this for three summers during high school, and you could earn almost $7,000. That's a significant chunk of money, but it requires a lot of time and energy on your part. Starting early; however, could provide opportunities for advancement (i.e. salary raises) and work experience that may help you get a more appealing job once you're in college. Check out our article talking about when you should (or shouldn't) get a job as a student. Family Member Contributions Some students may be fortunate enough to have family members whoare willing to help with college expenses. If you’re still in high school but want to start building your college fund, ask family members for contributions in lieu of traditional gifts for birthdays or holidays. Scholarships You don’t have to wait until you’re accepted to college to start applying forscholarships. There are a lot of programs out there open to high school students, and some are open to even younger kids. To start your scholarship search, check out our posts on the top scholarship programs for high school juniors and high school seniors. Spend a few minutes researching scholarships in your area that may be eligible for. Even small scholarships add up if you’re diligent about applying broadly. Where to Keep Your Money Money may not grow on trees, but that doesn't mean it can't grow. Now that you have a plan for bringing in college money, you’ll need a plan for saving in a smart way. If you let your money just sit in a checking account or a low-interest savings account, you could be losing money due to inflation in the long run. Don’t let all your hard work go to waste! There’s no one right savings plan for everyone, but there are a lot of different options available, each with its own pros and cons. I’ll present them all here so you can pick one or more that may work for you. Savings Accounts You can open a savings account in a matter of minutes at any bank. If you're looking for something a little more specialized, check outCoverdell Education Savings Accounts - they're custodial accounts that are meant specifically for education costs. Pros If you put your money in a savings account, it'll beeasily accessible and very liquid. It's not difficult to find free accounts with no fees. Your money will grow, particularly if you find a high-interest account. Finally, savings accounts are very flexible, meaning anyone can open an account to use for any other person's education. Cons It can be tempting to dip into college savings if you have easy access to it. Any interest gains are taxable, but thatmay not matter too much at the moment because interest rates are so low - you probably won't be gaining much from interest. 529 Plans 529 plans are education-specific investment accounts - there are many different types of plans out there, so it might take a bit of research to find one that's a good fit. Pros Many 529 plans offer serious tax benefits: when used to cover educational expenses, any investment gains aren't taxed. Any adult can open an account and name any other individual as beneficiary, making the plans very flexible. There's a penalty for dipping into the account for non-education expenses, which hopefullyleads tosuccess in reaching savings goals. Finally, there are high lifetime contribution maximums (this depends on the state, but the maximums vary from 200k-400k). Cons If there's any sort of emergency and you need access to funds you've stashed in a 529 plan, you'll be charged a hefty penalty. The plans themselves often come with fees or other charges. Finally, because 529 plans are custodial investment accounts, they're not viable options for teens who want to save for college themselves. Other Investment Accounts There are other ways to invest college funds in the market besides 529 plans, including brokerage accounts and IRAs. Again, there are a lot of different options out there, so the most important thing is finding an account that works best foryour savings goals. Pros There are a lot of investment account options out there, so you havea lot of control in how you invest your money. Depending on the type of account you choose, your funds should also be more easily accessible than if they were in a 529 plan, which meansyou wouldn't have to pay a penalty for using the money for non-educational expenses. Cons Choosing and managing an investment account takes more workand initiative than just sticking your funds in a savings account. Any gains from an investment account without the benefits of a 529 will be subject to tax, which you may have to pay on top of account fees. You also have to be 18 to open an investment account, meaning teens can't save for college this way (at least not on their own). Finally, some investment accounts can be very volatile, which subjectsyour savingsto quite a bit of risk. CDs A CD is another type of savings account - you receive a certificate when you deposit your money for a specific length of time, at a specific interest rate. You can get your money + interest rate when your CD â€Å"matures,† after the designated time period ends. Pros Because your money isn't invested in the market, you don't have to worry about your savings losing value. CDs have better rates of returnthan many savings accounts when you choose a long-term CD, making them good options for parents with young kids. Cons CDs are more conservative options than most investment accounts,and as such, they tend toresult in lower rates of return over the long term. In reality, the rates of return barely keep up with inflation. Gains are subject to tax. Finally, because long-term CDs keep your money locked in for extended periods, they're not good options for students heading off to college in the near future. Trusts "Trust" is a pretty broad term, encompassing many different things. Essentially, a trust is a fund made up of different assets that are held and managed by someone (a trustee) for someone else (a beneficiary). It's possible to open a trust for the purpose of covering college expenses. Pros You can use trusts to minimize estate taxes (if you have to worry about that), get professional management of funds, and have total control over money if you’re saving it for a minor. Cons To open a trust, you generally need a pretty large lump sum - you can't just slowly contribute over time. They're also expensive to maintain and manage. Ultimately, they're probably best for wealthy families who already have trusts in the works for children or other beneficiaries. Overwhelmed By These Savings Strategies? This info should hopefully keep you grounded. Whether your child is heading off to college next year or 18 years from now, the thought of saving up enough money can be pretty daunting. This is a lot of information to take in, so here's a breakdown of simple steps you can take to get started with a successful college savings plan: You don't have to orchestrate some complicated strategy all at once in order to save for college. If you want to start saving but don't have time at the moment to research different savings or investment accounts, it's okay to put that stuff on the back burner. Justspend a few minutes opening a simple savings account at your current banking institution - that's all you have to do to open a dedicated college fund. Once you have more time, you can start looking at savings plans that will help you grow your money most effectively. You don't have to throw all your extra funds into college savings from Day 1.Managing a household budget is a delicate balancing act for many families. If you are ready to start a college savings plan, begin by putting aside 5% of your income. If that's too much (or too little), you can adjust as necessary. Remember, you can always contribute larger lump sums if you have extra funds available. If you don't meet some arbitrary savings goal, that doesn't mean you've failed. FewUS families can afford to cover all college expenses upfront, but any amount that you save up canhelp cut down on things like student debt and even stress over making payments. Fewer than half of all families with kids sock money away for college - you're already at an advantage by setting up a dedicated college fund. What's Next? Although it's important to have a college fund to cover large educational expenses, your personal savings arenot the only way to pay for college costs. Federal and institutional financial aid may cover a large fraction of these expenses, but only if you submit the right applications at the right time. Check out our guide to applying for financial aid for more information. Did you know that some schools offer much better financial aid packages than others? If you want an education for a bargain, learn more about the 27 colleges with the best financial aid programs. Finally, you may be interested in private scholarship programs to help bridge the gap between what you owe and what you can afford. Read more about the top scholarships out there for high school juniors and high school seniors. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Going for Growth by Investing in People, Products and Plant Essay

Going for Growth by Investing in People, Products and Plant - Essay Example In addition, Hazlewood Sandwiches has invested ?25 million to build a factory site named Manton Wood in order to prepare several quantities of sandwiches. This factory site of the company is regarded as the largest sandwich producing plant in the world (Driver &Temple, 1999). Conclusion Investment appraisal is one of the crucial factors that for obtaining internal and external source of funds. Hazlewood Sandwiches has made two significant capital investments in the past years. The primary objectives behind the company’s substantial capital investments was to avail the prevailing opportunities in the UK sandwich market to gain higher rate of return on the capital invested and thereby to attain superior growth and expansion (Driver &Temple, 1999). References Driver, C. & Temple, P., 1999. Investment, Growth and Employment: Perspectives for Policy. Routledge. Gessinger, G. H., 2009. Materials and Innovative Product Development: Using Common Sense. Butterworth-Heinemann. Lumby, S. , 1988. Investment Appraisal and Financing Decisions the VNR Series in Accounting and Finance. Taylor & Francis. Question 2: Discuss the differences, advantages and disadvantages of the three investment decision techniques mentioned in the case. Introduction Hazlewood Sandwiches undertook three primary methods of investment appraisal namely payback method, Net Present Value (NPV) and Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) method in order to apprise and evaluate the value of the investment made by the company (Gotze, & et. al., 2008). Discussion The payback method critically considers the length of time in order to recover capital invested by the company. It is worth mentioning that the payback method takes into concern cash flow activities. The major advantages of this... This paper approves that investment appraisal is one of the crucial factors that for obtaining internal and external source of funds. Hazlewood Sandwiches has made two significant capital investments in the past years. The primary objectives behind the company’s substantial capital investments was to avail the prevailing opportunities in the UK sandwich market to gain higher rate of return on the capital invested and thereby to attain superior growth and expansion. This paper makes a conclusion that the three primary methods of investment appraisal and evaluation have their own distinctive advantages and disadvantages that facilitate the management of Hazlewood to select one of the any aforementioned methods. Notably, payback method can be considered as the simplest method of all the other two methods. This is owing to the reason that payback as well ARR method does not take into consideration the time value of money. On the contrary, NPV method expresses in dollars instead of percentage that often makes it difficult to appraise the investment. The role of workforce from both the functional perspectives of HRM and accounting is pivotal for any organisation. In this current business environment, workforce of any organisation is required to perform multiple tasks in order to conduct their business operations successfully. Thus, it can be stated that skilled and competent workforce in the business is the greatest asset of a specific organisation.

History of Women's Hockey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

History of Women's Hockey - Essay Example Initially women played with long skirts that proved helpful since no shot could get past them. The purpose of this paper is to show how history can shape and explain specific events and changes that have molded the way we view the women’s hockey league currently. It is undeniable that women’s hockey has greatly evolved throughout history, rules and principles of the game have really been transformed to incorporate the new and improved ideas. Women have never received equality like men especially in sports. Rules were laid out differently in relation to the time periods of sport3. Women’s rules now are similar to men’s but there are many factors like body checking and fighting that still vary within the game. Some rules and regulations have therefore been changed though not much because hockey is never physical as it used to be. Currently, hockey is more technical than physical thus owing to the game’s uniformity in all the sexes. Body checking was e liminated from the women’s hockey in 1990 since most of the females do not have the body size and mass that can help them withstand the act similar to the size and mass of the men’s bodies. Currently, a referee may treat body checking as either a minor or even a major foul, depending solely and decided at the ref’s decision. ... key governing body, both men and women are represented equally in all the hockey competitions and the body further organizes for the Hockey Rules board4. The governing body which is known as the International Hockey Federation has been in the fore front in organizing and developing the hockey rules for both women and men. Lately, Women’s hockey has been full of fun, safety since it focusses on fair play thus making players to experience passion, thrill and excitement. The main rule is focused on technical skills rather than physique as it used to be in the past thus making the game even more attractive5. Although the contact between women hockey players is minimized, they female players have had several injuries possibly because reaction to contact has ever been fully addressed. It seems that because of the less contact experienced amongst the females, less practice and amount of training is associated with women6. 2 Violence has always been a big part of hockey, from slashing the opposite opponent over the head and causing a type of fracture or broken bone, to damaging their brain or skull. Although women’s hockey has changed since its commencement, the game has not changed so much. Emergence of National Hockey League in 1920, there has been almost similar, violence and media coverage making hockey to be known as a game of violence. In as much as there is no much violence in the women’s hockey, it is still known as the game of violence. Initially in the 1920’s players could fight without removing their gloves while whacking each other with sticks yet this was universally accepted7. issue of violence was even thought to discourage females from signing up to the game and this resulted into the 1990s ban of body checking thus consenting a two line passing via the

The Epic of Gilgamesh Essay Example for Free

The Epic of Gilgamesh Essay What is the historical significance of The Epic of Gilgamesh? The historical significance of The Epic of Gilgamesh was being the first masterpiece of World Literature that dated back in 2800 BCE. The Epic of Gilgamesh portrayed the lifestyle, believed, and culture of people lived during that era. The story of Gilgamesh hold tremendous history values since the it was lost in 100 BEC until the British Archeologist found it again in 1840s CE. Rediscovered the tablet of the Gilgamesh allows present day to make connection with the past. What does this story tell us about the human condition? The human condition in that era are consider to be undeveloped and Gilgamesh portrait as a king with power to do whatever he wish until the gods decides to punish him. From that example of the story it tell us that the society follow under one ruler and class between rich and poor are greatly divided. What does this story tell us about the culture that produced it? Base on the story of Gilgamesh, people did not fully understand dead or know how to cope with dead but instead they strongly believe in gods and mythology creatures. I believe that Men and Women are being view as equal and they are fairly open about their sexual lifestyle in the story of Gilgamesh. Men and women share the same level of social status and women play important role during Gilgameshs era which can be seen as Shamhat, a mortal who was sent to by the gods to seduce Enkidu and change him from the beast lifestyle to human lifestyle. Does this epic hold any message for us today? The message in The Epic of Gilgamesh tell us that human in that era staring to realized and question the separation of life and dead. As of today, we are still trying to understand and define whether people life end when they die or there are other world that specify for the dead. This epic also point out that human are design to live in a society, and not meant to be alone. This can be seen as Gilgamesh changed when he met Enkidu, Gilgamesh also learned the important of a friendship, companionship, and lastly learned how to grief a love one when Enkidu died.

Developement Of Computers :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is no noun with the ability to represent modern life other than computer. Whether the effect is negative or positive, computers control nearly every aspect of our everyday life. Computers have evolved from bearing the role of strictly computing to having the ability of completing unthinkable tasks. Supermarket scanners calculate our grocery bill while keeping store inventory; computerized telephone switching centers play traffic cop to millions of calls and keep lines of communication untangled; and ATM’s let us conduct banking transactions form virtually anywhere in the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Around five thousand years ago in Asia , a simple machine called the Abacus , bearing a system of sliding beads arranged on a rack such as ones found in a pool hall may be considered the first computer. Merchants used the Abacus to record their barter transactions. Its popularity began to fall when the use of paper and pencil spread particularly throughout Europe, its importance diminished.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Computers were looked at as a way to simplify large workloads into discreet tasks. The United States census of 1880 took seven years to tally. The fear of later censuses taking an even more absurd amount of time to count, the bureau turned to technology. An American inventor also applied the concept to computing. He fed cards storing data into a machine compiling the results instinctively. Punched holes in the cards would represent letters and number, a single hole depicted a number, while a combination of two holes portrayed a letter. This allowed the census results in six weeks. Not only did the machine remarkably decrease the amount of time the census took, but also the cards used represented stored memory of the census and reduced computational errors. It found its way into the business world founding Tabulating Machine Company in 1896, which later became International Business Machines (IBM) in 1924. After this point in history the evolution of the computer is began to become an increased desired area of interest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first major interest began with the onset of World War II. A German engineer developed a computer to design airplanes and missiles. The British were also in the race of enhancing computer technology. They completed a secret code-breaking computer used to decode German messages. The existence of the machine was not uncovered until decades after the war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first all-electronic calculator was design by a Harvard engineer in 1944 who was working with IBM. The calculator was about the size of one half a football field and consisted of 500 miles of writing. It was called the Harvard-IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator.

Mercantilist Relationship Between the American Colonies and the British Government Essay

Mercantilism is an economic policy and theory where the government has complete control of trade, both foreign and inside boundaries. This policy was dominant during the 16th, 17th, and late 18th centuries, it demanded a positive balance of trade between the countries it was involved with. There were many policies that were within the theory based upon mercantilism including, building a network of overseas colonies and forbidding them to trade with other nations, forbidding trade to be carried in foreign ships, export as a trade barrier using domestic goods and services competitive against imports, and restricting domestic consumption with non-tariff barriers to trade. The British government established a mercantilist relationship with the American colonies that was to its benefit until 1763 and then the relationship no longer was of economic benefit to the British crown. Prior to 1763 the colonists had no choice but to go along with Parliament’s right to take actions on their behalf and the predominance of Britain’s economic benefits over their personal ones. Seven Years’ War was the war that altered the parliaments actions, had been intended to regulate trade and nothing else, Parliament’s arrangements began to conflict with the colonists’ interests. This caused the colonies to grow and thrive, by the time the British realized this Americans had already established lucrative trade with other countries. Britain became more aware of this growing â€Å"problem† and began to keep a close eye on the colonies and implemented regulatory policies, the British instituted a series of laws of trade and navigation known as the Navigation Acts. The purposes of these acts were to limit colonial trade to the British only. For this to be accomplished all trading to be done involving the colonists was to be on either English vessels or colonial-built vessels, therefore, if colonists planned to trade with other nations all of their goods had to first be shipped to England. This gave the British the chance to get a hand on the items being traded and to collect revenue from taxation before the products were traded. Another limitation that was set on the colonies was that in order to trade products such as tobacco, sugar, and cotton it had to be done with the British only. When the British would notice the colonies beginning to make profit they would add the product that was causing the increase in revenue to the list of products only to be traded with them. Although there were many restrictions placed upon the colonies, they did not cause as much damage as Britain may have hoped. Benjamin Franklin answered when asked, â€Å"I have never heard any objection to the right of laying duties to regulate commerce; but a right to lay internal taxes was never supposed to be in Parliament, as we are not represented there†. There were even some benefits even to having these regulations, such as a built in market for raw products that they had and the British did not rigidly enforce the trading regulations that were set. Following Great Britain’s achievement of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War allotted the Proclamation of 1763 in October of 1763. The purpose of the proclamation was to establish Britain’s new North American Empire and to stabilize associations with Native North Americans through regulation of settlement, trade, and land purchases. The proclamation kept certain lands for the Indians and prevented the colonies from settling inland. The colonies wished to expand their territory inlands but with the Proclamation of 1763 they were unable to do so, causing massive amounts of interest conflicts. The British seemed to be enforcing this proclamation more so than any other laws placed on the colonies before. Troops were stationed along the frontier to give the colonists’ no control over attempting to expand their population inland. The colonies feared for overpopulation and crowded cities along the coastline. It appeared that the break down of this mercantilist relationship between the United States colonies and Britain along with the split of America from the British Empire was unavoidable. Before the French and Indian war, Britain was having a hard time keeping up with and maintaining regulations that they had placed upon the colonies. The trade laws were inadequately implemented and the colonies were able to go about their own political and economic systems independently. But, with the close of the war Parliament concluded the time of this neglect of enforcement and became more dominate with the colonies in order to reestablish complete control over their trade. Pervious laws that were established to benefit Britain were enforced harshly and new laws were also applied to further benefit the British. This led to animosity between Britain and the colonies because the colonies experienced economic independence for too long a period causing the colonists to have no desire to return to how things used to be. The aggressive application of the Navigation Act to the colonists subdued their manufacturing operations and increased resentment against the British Parliamentary. The severe enforcement of these laws led to inflation and alienation in the colonies, neither of which benefited the British Empire. During this time of strict enforcement there were many more laws and acts placed upon the colonies to restrict their trade and growth. Parliament passed the Sugar and Molasses Act trying to bring the colonies in line with regard to payment of taxes. The Sugar Act reduced the rate of tax on molasses and listed more foreign goods to be taxed including coffee, wines, sugar, and various other goods. The tax on caused the instantaneous deterioration in the rum industry in the colonies. This interrupted the economy in the colonies because it reduced the markets to which the colonies could sell and the amount of currency available to them for the purchase of British manufactured goods. This act, and the Currency Act, set the stage for the revolt at the imposition of the Stamp Act. The Stamp Act of 1765 was a direct tax on documents and articles, this act directly affected all colonists. The law required a stamp to be placed on all printed materials, including legal documents, almanacs, pamphlets, and newspapers. Although this affected all colonists, lawyers, clergymen, and printers felt the wrath of this act the most. Benjamin Franklin stated â€Å"There is not gold and silver enough in the colonies to pay the stamp duty for one year†. The before and after of this act set in stone the perceived idea that the mercantilist benefits of the relationship between the colonies and Britain may have run its course. After debate about the collection of taxes due to the Stamp Act was the Quartering Act of 1765. The Quartering Act was part of the intolerable acts; the purpose of this act was only to take back hold of the colonies. The act violated the Bill of Rights, which forbids taxation without representation and the raising or keeping of a standing army without the consent of Parliament; colonies disputed the legality of this Act. In his first speeches in Parliament, Camden said, â€Å"taxation and representation are inseparable; this position is founded on the laws of nature; it is more, it is itself an eternal law of nature; for whatever is a man’s own, is absolutely his own; no man has a right to take it from him without his consent, either expressed by himself or representative; whoever attempts to do it, attempts an injury; whoever does it, commits a robbery; he throws down and destroys the distinction between liberty and slavery. Taxation and representation are coeval with and essential to the constitution†¦Ã¢â‚¬  If the soldiers outnumbered the housing available the colonies were expected to pay the cost of housing and feeding the troop, after the arrival of the troops New York refused to pay for supplies causing the troops to have to stay aboard their ships. Even after attempts to revise the Stamp Act, New York still resisted which led to the repeal of this act and the Stamp Act. With no doubt it seemed that violent hostility would prevail even with any effort to change the Acts making it almost impossible for Britain to establish any hope for a beneficial relationship with the colonies. The steady resistance to the Stamp Act led to it being repealed, which cost the British, â€Å"Suppose a military force sent into America; they will find nobody in arms; what are they then to do? They cannot force a man to take stamps who chooses to do without them. They will not find a rebellion; they may indeed make one. † This repeal showed the colonists that their resisting the act worked and would put fire to their future revolts considering this worked for them. The British were losing money now and the colonies did not seem to be hurt as badly as would have been hoped by the British. To down play the win that the colonies had just accomplished Parliament set out another act, the Declaratory Act, to serve as a punishment. The Declaratory Act asserted that Parliament â€Å"had, hath, and of right ought to have, full power and authority to make laws and statutes of sufficient force and validity to bind the colonies and people of America †¦ in all cases whatsoever†. In the context and the word choice in which this was written shows that the act was intentionally clear-cut and to the point. Parliament had the upper hand and the absolute power to make laws and changes to the colonial government, â€Å"in all cases whatsoever†. Caught up in attempting to strip the colonies of their freedoms in order to prevent them from creating a profit, the British were losing money and quite frankly, running out of it. In one final attempt to gain back control of the colonies and make their relationship work Parliament passed the Townshend Act. A colonist identified as Brutus argued against that assumption, stating, â€Å"Nothing can be more flagrantly wrong than the Assertion of some of our mercantile Dons. John Hancock adds, â€Å"Taxes equally detrimental to the commercial interests of the Parent country and the colonies are imposed upon the People, without their consent; Taxes designed for the Support of the Civil Government in the Colonies, in a Manner clearly unconstitutional, and contrary to that, in which ’till of late, Government has been supported, by the free Gift of the People in the American Assemblies or Parliaments; as also for the Maintenance of a large Standing Army; not for the Defiance of the newly acquired Territories, but for the old Colonies, and in a Time of Peace. This testimony written in a letter was tremendously effective in the efforts to abolish this act placed upon the colonies; there were also the Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania, which had its influence on the topic as well. There were twelve letters that were widely read and reprinted throughout the thirteen colonies, and were a major factor in attempting to unit the colonists against the Townshend Acts. Dickenson, the farmer, acknowledged the great power that the Parliament had in concern for the whole British Empire but argued that the taxes that were given to the colonies were for purpose of their own personal gain in revenue rather then what was stated in the books of the acts being for purpose of trade only. Dickinson foresees the possibility of future conflict between the colonies and Great Britain, but urges against the use of violence, â€Å"If at length it becomes undoubted that an inveterate resolution is formed to annihilate the liberties of the governed, the English history affords frequent examples of resistance by force. What particular circumstances will in any future case justify such resistance can never be ascertained till they happen. Perhaps it may be allowable to say generally, that it never can be justifiable until the people are fully convinced that any further submission will be destructive to their happiness. † The colonies boycotted this idea, their boycott, although it failed, gave them the strength to continue to not follow the acts that the Parliament required of them. The British had no way to enforce the collection of taxes so Britain had no choice but to repeal the Townshend Act. Britain was completely unstable and given this, the mercantilist relationship was coming to an end between the United States colonies and the British; the Tea Act would create the breaking point for this relationship. â€Å"An act to allow a drawback of the duties of customs on the exportation of tea to any of his Majesty’s colonies or plantations in America; to increase the deposit on bohea tea to be sold at the India Company’s sales; and to empower the commissioners of the treasury to grant licenses to the East India Company to export tea duty-free. The Tea Act of 1773 caused in turn the Boston Tea Party, which aggravated the British so greatly that they delivered a punishment act. The punishment acts were called the Coercive Acts and also, along with other acts, became part of the intolerable acts the British had placed upon the colonies. The Boston Port Act, The Massachusetts Government Act, The Administration of Justice Act, The Quartering Act, and the Quebec Act were all placed in order for Britain to again attempt to take control over the colonies. The restrictions placed on the colonies by these acts included the closing of the port of Boston, limited the meetings to one meeting per year, allowed the governor to move trails, and attempted to house the British solders. This out lash of over bearing authority over the colonies became known as the main reason that the mercantilist relationship could not continue. Britain’s attempts of harsh leadership and the lack of economic opportunities became great enough to continuously push the colonies away and gave them reason to revolt and not comply. As years passed the interests of the colonies and British began to not be similar in any ways, causing conflicts. The colonists educated themselves in ways that the British had not expected, giving the colonies the upper hand in knowing what they deserved and what was being taken from them. There were no longer any benefits to having a relationship with Britain and the colonists were well educated on this fact and showed their feelings on this aspect in many ways. The mercantilist relationship was no longer making a profit for the British Crown or bringing benefits to anyone; it was causing them to lose money. This loss was apparent after the downfall of both the economic systems after the French and Indian War in 1763.

Intro of duality in dr

The upper class and the middle classes were very concerned about morality, money and appearance, since they wanted to keep a high respect among their friends, and declassify themselves from the lower level of society. This meant that every ‘respectable' person belonging to these social classes had to conform to social standards and to the ideas of virtues, ethics, charity and respectability. So they built another personality, behind which they hld their true characters, keeping their instincts and real preferences secret.Women were considered innocent and pure creatures that had to spend their lives at home and depended on the men M members of the upper classes used to hide the fact that they indulged in forbidden' activities and desires, such as prostitution, opium, drinking and gambling, but at the same time they supported this moralizing trend: this brought to an atmosphere of hypocrisy which is quite difficult to make out the border between the true and falsity, real intent ions and hidden opinions.The author of ‘The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde' Is Robert Louis Stevenson. He was extremely Interested in the theme of duality. Stevenson was a Scottish novelist, poet, essayist and travel writer. He was born on November 13th 1850 and died on December 3rd 1894. To understand fully where Stevenson was brought up, its necessary to understand that there are two parts of Edinburgh, on one side there is New Town, which is posh, respectable, religious and polite.On the other side of Edinburgh, It's more to the dark and lald- ack style and the society is classed very low. These two aspects contrast each other and make a deep impression of his fascination of duality in the human nature. Stevenson suffered from nightmares and had numerous health problems. One of his childhood nightmares Inspired him to write about ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde this Is because he believes that there Is good and evil In every character. The theme of duality runs throu ghout the whole book and is revealed in several aspects.

Instrumental Music and the Era of Romanticism essays

Instrumental Music and the Era of Romanticism essays The following is a comprehensive essay on the Romantic era of instrumental music. The main artistic value in the Romantic era of music was the integrity of personal feeling, and every genuine artist was expected to have a personal style (Kerman 242). Personal style is demonstrated throughout this period through the composers and their unique compositions. I will discuss and differentiate the following styles that evolved in the Romantic era; program music, symphonic poem, concert overture, and grandiose and miniature styles of music in this period. Program music is a term for non-vocal music written in association with a poem, a story, or some other literary source (Kerman 245). It can be written in association with just a highly suggestive word or two (Kerman 245). Program music was not new to the Romantic era, but it gained new importance and prestige (Kerman 245). Music could be made even more expressive by linking it to poetry and ideas (Kerman 245). Program music tells a story or it can capture a mood (Kerman 245). The following are the different genres or styles of program music from the Romantic period of instrumental program music; miniature compositions, grandiose compositions, symphonic poems, and concert overture. A concert overture resembles an opera overture; but without any following opera (Kerman 432). They were never intended for theater (Kerman 264). Berlioz wrote many concert overtures to literary works such as; plays, long poems, and novels (Kerman 264). He wrote the concert overture Hermann and Dorothea wh ich is an epic poem. The best-known and best-loved concert overtures are by Felix Mendelssohn (Kerman 264). His concert overture to A Midsummer Night's Dream was written when he was seventeen (Kerman 264/265). This was a work in sonata form that follows classical models quite clearly (Kerman 265). The piece nonetheless includes some representational features such as the music illustrating the delicate, flutter...

Should You Retake the SAT or ACT 3-Step Process

Should You Retake the SAT or ACT 3-Step Process SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips At long last, you get your SAT or ACT scores back, and now you have to make an important decision- do you retake the test and aim for a higher score? What are your chances of improving your score? The answer can get complicated, depending on how many times you've taken it before and what your score target is. Read on to develop the best testing plan for yourself.The decision on whether you should retake the ACT or SAT depends on two main questions: What is your target score? How likely are you to improve your score on the next test? We'll tackle each question one at a time. What's Your SAT/ACT Target Score? Long before you take the SAT or ACT, you should have an exact target score in mind. This score is based entirely on the colleges that you are planning to apply to. It's not the score that other people say you should get. It's not the score that sounds right. This score is mathematically determined by researching the colleges you want to apply to. If you don't calculate this score, you'll be led astray from the study plan that's best for you. You might think a great score is out of reach, or you might be complacent about a lower than average score. Click the following links to download a free guide to calculating your target score. Exclusive Free Bonus: Downloada free step-by-step guide on finding your personal SAT score target or ACT score target. Once you go through these steps, you'll know exactly what score you need to aim for. Don't delay - this is one of the most important steps of SAT/ACT prep. Once you have your target score, compare your score with this target score. How likely are you to improve your score to this level? Here's a set of very general guidelines from my personal experience with thousands of students (we'll be using the 1600 scale of the new SAT): SAT Score ACT Score What do I need to do to get this improvement? Difficulty +0-50 +0-1 Some prep before the test. You might achieve this score improvement just by retaking the test if you did especially poorly last time. Not too hard, especially if you've taken the test just once +50-160 +1-4 Serious prep on a dedicated schedule. You'll need a smart system to figure out where your weaknesses lie and how to improve them. You won't be able to achieve this just through sheer effort. Possible with hard work and smart studying +160-260 +4-7 Very serious prep. You have some major gaps to fill before you start mastering the test. You will benefit from a personal tutor who can spot your weaknesses and teach you strategies. Possible with serious dedication, time, and a great study plan +260-400 +7-10 Dedicated prep for an extended period of time. You will most likely need an excellent 1-on-1 tutor who can teach you the fundamentals and make sure you stay committed. Difficult, but possible for the very motivated. 400+ 10+ Nearly re-education. You have major content gaps from school and need to be taught fundamental content. You'll need hundreds of hours of work. Very difficult. Re-evaluate your target colleges if possible. (if you're using the 2400 scale of the Old SAT, then just multiply each of the range values by 1.5) These are general guidelines and depend heavily on your exact situation. As we'll soon explain, the more you've prepped and the more tests you've taken up to this point, the harder it is to improve your score from here on. If you've taken the test 5 times and prepped hard, improving your test score on the 6th test by 100 points will be difficult. You'll need a completely different approach from you've already tried to make any improvements from this point forward. If you've taken the test several times by this point, you might be worried that colleges will look down on your many test entries. This is a common myth that we're going to bust right now. Myth: Colleges Care How Many Times You've Taken the SAT/ACT. Not true! You might have heard the idea that when colleges see your SAT/ACT scores, they take into account how many tests you've taken. If you've taken 10 tests, they'll wonder what's wrong with you, especially if you don't improve from test to test. The reason this myth exists is that this used to be true. Back in the old days (before 2009), if you took the SAT and applied to college, the College Board always required you to send ALL your scores to every college. If you took the test too many times and didn't improve, the school might potentially look down on this. This system has totally changed.The SAT now uses a system called Score Choice. For the majority of schools, you can choose which test dates you want to report to the school. They'll either take your highest test score in a single setting, or your highest section score from all the tests you send (creating your Superscore). See for yourself: the College Board has a list of over 1,500 colleges and their Score Choice participation. The majority of schools participate in Score Choice, where you can choose which test scores you send. Those that don't are marked by "All Scores" - they require you to send all your scores from the College Board. Notable "All Scores" institutions are the CUNY system and University of California. But even for these "All Scores" institutions, they won't care all that much about your other test scores. All they want to see is your highest test score, because that's all that actually matters to them. Take it straight from the University of California itself, which requires All Scores sent: "For the SAT Reasoning Test, we will focus on the highest total score from a single test date." What about the ACT? The ACT has never required you to submit all your test scores. In fact, you must pay a separate fee for each test score you send to every college, which can end up costing quite a lot. Because the schools will never see any ACT score you don't send them, you're free to send them just your highest score. There are a few schools that require all ACT scores sent, but they're in the far minority. So how many times can you take the SAT or ACT? As many times as you want.What actually matters at the end of the day is your highest score. But for the sake of your wallet, if you stop improving, question why you aren't improving, and find a new prep program that can work better for you. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! What Are Your Chances of Improving Your SAT/ACT Score? This is the million dollar question. By now, you should have your SAT target score or ACT target score firmly in mind, and you know you want to improve to that point. Whether you can reachit depends on a few main factors. #1: Did you underperform on the official test, and you know you could have done better? A fluke test happens to the best of us. You might not have been feeling well that day. You might have gotten distracted during a reading passage that was especially difficult. You might have had a family situation that stressed you out the morning of the test. If your official test score is 100 SAT points or 2 ACT points lower than your consistent practice test score, RETAKEthe test. There's a lot of variation from test to test, and chances are very good that if you take the test again, you'll get a better score the second time. I've seen students swing as much as 500 points upward between two tests a month apart, simply because they had a terrible day the first time and knocked the second test out of the park. 2) How many times have you taken the SAT or ACT before? Here are some simple guidelines. Only taken the test once: DEFINITELYtake it again. Both the College Board and the ACTpublish results that show that most students (over 50%) who take the test a second time improve their score. Furthermore, the lower your starting score is, the more likely your second test is to improve. You should try to prep as well as you can, but even if you just take the test, odds are that you'll improve your score. Taken the test twice: Lean towards taking it again. If you prep, you'll have a much better chance at improving your score. Furthermore, because most schools take a Superscore, the chances that you'll improve your Superscore are very good. Taken the test 3 or more times:That depends onthis next question: 3) How much have you already studied, and how did you prep? The less you've prepped before, the more likely you can improve your score. If the only thing to prep before the test was look at the cover of an SAT/ACT book through the storefront window, you can make huge improvements with the right SAT/ACT prep method. If you've spent 400 hours studying, devoured all the SAT/ACT books, and hired a personal tutor for 100 hours, it's a lot harder to improve your score. You'll need to change your study method to have a shot at boosting your score again. If you've prepped a lot already and are unsure of what to study to improve your score, one thing is clear - you need a new approach. If you try what you've been doing with just a little more effort, you'll be disappointed with your results. I've seen hundreds of students come to me frustrated that their score isn't improving, when of course they've been doing the same incorrect things over and over again. Quick Plug: We have the industry's leading online prep program for both SAT prep and ACT prep. The real difference with our program is that we customize your studying to your strengths and weaknesses. Couple that with the country's top instructors and content, and you have what's been called a "life-saver" and "a godsend" by our happy families. Check it out now. What's Next? Now that you know your chances of improving your score, you should have an idea of whether you want to retake the SAT or ACT. In my experience, very few students are lost causes - nearly everyone at this stage can continue to improve their score, with the right prep method. Read this next: Figure out when you should take the SAT or ACT, and what the best test dates are. Check out our leading SAT and ACT prep programs:

Individual Marketing Strategy Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Individual Marketing Strategy Report - Essay Example To combat this growing consumer discontent with Apple’s iPhone, it is recommended that Apple redesign its promotional strategies to include lifestyle-relevant celebrity endorsers, change its current pricing structure, and emphasise more on the tangible product benefits as part of the marketing mix to regain competitive advantages and revenue growth. Apple must first, however, identify the psychological and sociological characteristics of its primary profitable market segment, the Achiever group, to accomplish gains in restoring the brand’s reputation. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................ 2.0 Situational analysis..................................................................................................... 2.1 PEST analysis................................................................................................. 2.2 SWOT analysis..................... .......................................................................... 3.0 Differential advantage................................................................................................. ... ..... 5.2 Marketing strategies and programmes............................................................. 6.0 Conclusion.................................................................................................................... References 1.0 Introduction Research in Motion (RIM), now appropriately renamed as Blackberry, had dominated the mobile phone market between 2000 and 2005, being an innovator and pioneer in a product category that was in its technological infancy and introductory period along the product life cycle. With the release of RIM’s Blackberry 957, one of the world’s first smartphones, Research in Motion was able to define the product category and gain first mover advantages, something achievable through technology leadership and the ability to corner the market in a specific product category (Agarwal and Gort 2001). Up until 2006, when Research in Motion launched its Blackberry Pearl 8100 (the first smartphone with camera capabilities and othe r functional features found on today’s smartphones), RIM was considered to be the foremost expert in mobile telephony virtually untouchable by potential new market entrants for its technological leadership. However, Apple Inc. developed its first version of the Apple iPhone, a revolutionary mobile telephone technology that encompassed multi-functional features and benefits ranging from streaming video capabilities to Internet Wi-Fi connectivity capacity. The innovative features included in the first and subsequent versions of the Apple iPhone quickly seized market share from the previous market leader, Research in Motion, rapidly building market segment loyalty for Apple. Subsequent versions of the iPhone were released yearly following 2007, which now include the Apple iPhone 5 that was just

A critique analysing the neuropsychology of schizophrenia Essay

A critique analysing the neuropsychology of schizophrenia - Essay Example As part of discussing the signs and symptoms found in schizophrenic patients, the effectiveness of the author’s proposed diagnostic procedures will be criticized based on the diagnostic intervention as proposed by other equally qualified authors. Cris Frith is highly qualified as an author of the journal article on Schizophrenia. For many years, Frith works as a psychiatric professor and a member of Wllcome Department – Cognitive Neurology at the UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience in London (UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2008). Aside from being a highly competitive psychiatric professor, Frith has personally written other recent article journals by himself and together with other highly qualified authors including â€Å"Editorial: In Praise of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry† (Frith, 2008) and â€Å"Different Brain Circuits Underlie Motor and Percetual Representations of Temporal Intervals† The article journal entitled â€Å"Neuropsychology of Schizophrenia† was officially publised back in 1996. In the past, cognitive tests are often considered the best diagnostic tests for patients with schizophrenia (Frith, 1996). This is primarily due to the fact that there is not one psychological test that can be used in measuring the neuropsychological impairments that are present in schizophrenia patients. In line with the importance of diagnostic tests, the main purpose of the article is to present clinical evidences of past diagnostic tests to prove to its target audeinces that the tests used on patients with schizophrenia is not accurate in terms of being able to explain the cognitive deficits in each patient. Since the article was published approximately 12 years ago, there is a strong possibility that a more reliable diagnostic test methods are now being used under the modern psychiatric practices. The target audiences of the author includes not only the professional psychologist